![]() ![]() The Kalpa Vedanga studies gave rise to the Dharma-sutras, which later expanded into Dharma-shastras. ![]() The Vedangas were ancillary sciences that focused on understanding and interpreting the Vedas composed many centuries earlier, and included Shiksha (phonetics, syllable), Chandas (poetic metre), Vyakarana (grammar, linguistics), Nirukta (etymology, glossary), Jyotisha (timekeeping, astronomy), and Kalpa (ritual or proper procedures). This led to the formation of Vedic Supplements called the Vedangas which literally means limbs of the Veda. The Vedic basis of Dharma literature is found in the Brahmana layer of the Vedas. The Brhmaa layer expanded and some of the newer esoteric speculative layers of text were called Aranyakas while the mystical and philosophical sections came to be called the Upanishads. These Vedic branches split into various other schools ( shakhas ) possibly for a variety of reasons such as geography, specialization and disputes.Įach Veda is further divided into two categories namely the Sahit which is a collection of mantra verses and the Brahmanas which are prose texts that explain the meaning of the Samhita verses. Each of these texts exist in many different versions, and each is rooted in Dharmasutra texts dated to 1st millennium BCE that emerged from Kalpa (Vedanga) studies in the Vedic era. ![]()
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